8/26/2023 0 Comments Global city rankings 2017In doing so, it emancipates respondents to consider and weigh for themselves which factors – observable or unobservable to researchers – they feel matter most to them. Rather than relying on a list of factors that researchers consider relevant, our ranking relies on city residents’ self-reports of how they themselves evaluate the quality of their lives. Our ranking is fundamentally different from existing rankings of cities in terms of quality of life, such as The Economist’s Global Liveability Index, which ranks cities according to a summary score constructed from qualitative and quantitative indicators across five broad domains. Given the speed and scale of urbanisation, with all its benefits and challenges, how do city dwellers fare, on balance, when it comes to their subjective well-being? How did their well-being change over time? Which cities around the world promote a higher well-being amongst their inhabitants than others, conditional on the same development level? And how does well-being and well-being inequality within cities relate to that within countries? This chapter explores these questions, by providing the first global ranking of cities based on their residents’ self-reported well-being. Rapid urbanisation also puts pressure on public open spaces such as parks and urban green areas, which provide space for social interaction and important ecosystem services. Urban sprawl and inefficient land use contribute to biodiversity loss. Cities account for about two-thirds of the world’s energy consumption and for more than 70 per cent of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. By one estimate, in 2016, 90 per cent of city dwellers have been breathing unsafe air, resulting in 4.2 million deaths due to ambient air pollution. A lack of public transport infrastructure results in congestion and often hazardous pollution levels in inner cities. Rapid urbanisation, however, also imposes challenges: a lack of affordable housing results in nearly one billion urban poor living in informal settlements at the urban periphery, vulnerable and often exposed to criminal activity. With urbanisation set to increase, by 2050, seven in ten people worldwide will be city dwellers. They are more likely to be in professional and service jobs, and less likely to have kids. City dwellers are often younger, more educated, and more liberal than their rural counterparts. They often outperform their countries in terms of economic growth. They allow for an efficient division of labour, bringing with them agglomeration and productivity benefits, new ideas and innovations, and hence higher incomes and living standards. Ĭities are economic powerhouses: more than 80 per cent of worldwide GDP is generated within their boundaries. Today, Tokyo (37.4 million), New Delhi (28.5 million), and Shanghai (25.6 million inhabitants) are the most populous cities worldwide. During the same time, the number of so-called mega cities – cities that have more than ten million inhabitants, most of which are located in the Global South – is expected to increase from 33 to 43, with the fastest growth in Asia and Africa. ![]() In 2018, there were 548, and in 2030, a projected 706 cities will have at least one million inhabitants. There were 371 cities with more than one million inhabitants at the turn of the century in 2000. By 2045, this figure is estimated to increase by 1.5 times, to more than six billion. Ranking Cities’ Happiness Around the WorldĪbout 4.2 billion people, more than half of the world’s population (55.3 per cent), are living in urban areas today.London and New York do not make it anywhere near the top of the list. The ranking is one of the most comprehensive of its kind and is carried out annually to help multinational companies and other employers to compensate employees fairly when placing them on international assignments, according to Mercer. Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders.
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